Mathematical Modelling and Simulation of Second Life Battery Pack with Heterogeneous State of Health

The service life of Lithium-ion batteries disposed from electric vehicles, with an approximate remaining capacity 75–80%, can be prolonged their adoption in less demanding second applications such as buildings. A photovoltaic energy generation system integrated a battery storage device is modelled mathematically to assess the design’s technical characteristics. reviewed studies literature assume, during modelling process, that packs are homogeneous terms initial state health and do not consider module-to-module variations associated differences. This study, therefore, conducts mathematical homogenous heterogeneous module level using second-order equivalent circuit model (ECM). developed ECM validated against experimental data performed lab on 3Ah NCM batteries. degradation parameters also investigated cell’s first exponential triple smoothing (ETS) algorithm. evaluate compare performance year. Results this study revealed packs, lower electrical current higher SOC observed modules due ohmic resistance capacity, compared other for specific pack configuration used study. methodology presented heterogenous cells modules, simulation results which employed obtaining optimum management strategy systems.